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Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from commercial and manufacturing sectors Specific studies on HVAC equipment and dairy processing.

机译：商业和制造业部门的能源消耗和温室气体排放有关HVAC设备和乳制品加工的专门研究。

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摘要

Commercial and manufacturing sectors in United States consumed approximately 50% of the total End use energy in 2010. In 2009, 81.5% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted in the United States was energy related. From the broad aspects of commercial and manufacturing sectors; two relatively narrow and specific topics, commercial building's HVAC equipment and dairy processing were chosen to increase the understanding of the energy use and GHG emission in these two sectors. Few published studies related to these two specific areas are available. The first study in this thesis discussed the energy use and GHG emissions by HVAC equipment in commercial buildings. The second study in this thesis discussed the energy use and GHG emissions of dairy processing plant with 4 production sequences, fluid milk, cream, whey and cottage cheese. The mass and energy balance of each individual unit operation in the sequence were studied and the total GHG emissions per unit of final product were found. Compared to natural gas (NG) use, the GHG emission from electricity use by commercial building's HVAC equipment is dominant. Furthermore, energy use and GHG emissions were also influenced by these factors, source emission factors, climate, building specifications, HVAC capacity and building location geographical influence. NG based unit operation in dairy processing plant were found to be the largest GHG emitter. The studies found component-level study is critical and necessary to better understand fossil fuel based energy use and GHG emissions impact. GHG emissions due to inefficiencies at the electric power generation origins are magnified at consumer end.
机译：2010年，美国的商业和制造业部门消耗了最终使用能源总量的约50％。2009年，美国排放的温室气体（GHG）中有81.5％与能源有关。从商业和制造业的广泛方面；选择了两个相对狭窄且具体的主题，即商业建筑的HVAC设备和乳品加工，以增进对这两个部门的能源使用和温室气体排放的了解。与这两个具体领域相关的已发表研究很少。本文的第一项研究讨论了商用建筑中HVAC设备的能源使用和温室气体排放。本文的第二项研究讨论了乳制品加工厂的能源使用和温室气体排放，这四个生产顺序分别为液态奶，奶油，乳清和干酪。研究了序列中每个单个单元操作的质量和能量平衡，并找到了每单位最终产品的总温室气体排放量。与天然气（NG）相比，商业建筑的HVAC设备用电产生的温室气体排放占主导地位。此外，能源使用和温室气体排放还受到这些因素，源排放因素，气候，建筑规范，暖通空调能力和建筑位置地理位置的影响。乳品加工厂中以天然气为基础的单位运营被认为是最大的温室气体排放国。研究发现，组件级研究对于更好地了解基于化石燃料的能源使用和温室气体排放影响至关重要，并且是必不可少的。在消费者端，由于发电效率低下而导致的温室气体排放量被放大。

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  • 作者

    Tan, Aik Jong.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.;Energy.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.S.M.E.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 75 p.
  • 总页数 75
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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